Factors affecting soil water potential

Soil water potential is an important indicator to describe the water status in the soil, which is affected by many factors. The following are the main influencing factors summarized based on the search results:

1. Soil texture

Soil texture has a great influence on water permeability and water retention. Clay soil is more likely to form high water potential, while sandy soil is more likely to form low water potential.


2. Rainfall

The amount of rainfall directly affects the water content in the soil. A large amount of rainfall will increase the moisture in the soil, leading to an increase in soil water potential; conversely, drought will reduce soil water potential.


3. Soil temperature

Soil temperature affects the evaporation and penetration rate of water in the soil, thereby affecting soil water potential. Rising temperature will accelerate the evaporation of water and reduce soil water potential; conversely, low temperature will slow down the evaporation of water and increase soil water potential.


4. Vegetation coverage

The roots of vegetation can absorb water from the soil, thus affecting soil water potential. In areas with high vegetation coverage, soil water potential may be lower because plants consume more soil water.


5. Soil factors

There is a complex spatiotemporal relationship between soil moisture variation parameters and soil water content. Soil moisture content and its spatiotemporal variation are also affected by soil factors such as soil type and texture. With the increase of soil depth, soil moisture content and its spatiotemporal variation have significant profile distribution patterns.


6. Topographic factors

At the site scale, the spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture is affected by multiple factors. The relationship between soil moisture and single topographic factors such as slope aspect, slope, slope shape and altitude presents a complex and diverse pattern. However, at a larger scale, soil moisture has significant geographical differentiation.


7. Soil erosion

The spatiotemporal variation of soil erosion leads to the spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture to a certain extent. With the intensification of soil erosion, the effective water content of soil is significantly reduced.


8. Spatiotemporal effect of scale

The spatiotemporal variation of soil moisture changes significantly with the change of scale. The large scale is controlled by the atmosphere and mainly determined by the rainfall and evaporation pattern, while the small scale is mainly determined by the soil, topography, vegetation and root structure.


The above factors work together to determine the complex dynamic changes in soil water potential. Understanding these factors and their interaction mechanisms is of great significance for agricultural irrigation, water resources management and ecological environment protection.

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