Effect of soil moisture on crop yield

Soil moisture is a key factor affecting crop yield. The following is a specific analysis of the effect of soil moisture on crop yield:


Importance of soil moisture to crop growth

Soil moisture is essential for crop growth. Appropriate soil moisture can provide sufficient water supply to meet the growth needs of crops, thereby promoting the healthy growth of crops. However, excessive or insufficient soil moisture will have a negative impact on crops. When there is too much soil moisture, the soil aeration will be poor and the roots will not be able to breathe normally, thus affecting the physiological activities of plants. In addition, excessive moisture can easily cause soil compaction, making it difficult for the roots to grow smoothly and reducing the water absorption capacity of plants. In this way, the root development of crops is restricted, growth is slow, and even diseases such as root rot may occur.


Relationship between soil moisture and crop yield

The relationship between soil moisture and crop yield is parabolic, that is, the greater the soil moisture, the higher the yield. According to analysis, when the soil moisture is low, the yield increases rapidly with the increase of soil moisture, but when the soil moisture reaches a certain value, the yield increases slowly or no longer increases. If the soil moisture continues to increase, the yield will show a downward trend.


Effect of soil moisture on crop physiological characteristics

Soil moisture has a significant effect on crop physiological characteristics. For example, when soil moisture is very low, the stomatal resistance is also large due to the closure of stomata; as soil moisture increases, the stomata open and the resistance decreases sharply; when soil moisture reaches a certain level, the stomata are fully open and the resistance stabilizes at a certain value. In contrast to stomatal resistance, the intensity of transpiration increases with the increase of soil moisture and finally tends to stabilize. The photosynthetic intensity and filling rate show the same trend as the transpiration intensity. The ear formation rate, number of grains per ear and thousand-grain weight of winter wheat increase with the increase of soil moisture, but the ear formation rate decreases when the treatment is greater than 80% of the field water holding capacity, and the thousand-grain weight and number of grains per ear do not decrease significantly.


In summary, soil moisture has an important impact on crop yield. Reasonable soil moisture management can not only improve the water use efficiency of crops, but also significantly increase crop yield. Therefore, in agricultural production, scientific management of soil moisture is one of the key measures to ensure high and stable crop yields.

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