Impact of drought on soil moisture

Drought is a serious meteorological disaster that has a profound impact on agricultural production, ecological environment and water resources management. Among them, the impact of drought on soil moisture is particularly significant, as shown below:

 

Decrease in soil moisture

Under drought conditions, precipitation is significantly reduced, resulting in insufficient soil moisture replenishment, which in turn causes a decrease in soil moisture content. Soil moisture is the basis for plant growth, and its reduction will directly affect the normal physiological activities of plants and even cause plant death.

 

Uneven distribution of soil moisture

Drought can cause uneven distribution of soil moisture in the vertical and horizontal directions. For example, shallow tillage soil moisture is mainly stored in the topsoil of 5~20~25 cm, while less moisture is stored in the 20~25 cm soil layer. This is because in the case of shallow tillage, the deep soil is not turned over, forming an obvious plow bottom layer, which hinders the infiltration of water.

 


Changes in soil structure

Drought can also cause changes in soil structure, such as increased soil compaction and reduced porosity, which affects the soil's water penetration and storage capacity. This change further exacerbates the lack of soil moisture, forming a vicious circle.

 

Soil erosion worsens

Under drought conditions, due to the lack of sufficient water, the vegetation coverage rate decreases and the soil's ability to resist erosion weakens. At the same time, wind erosion and water erosion are enhanced, leading to increased soil erosion and further deteriorating soil moisture conditions.

 

The importance of remote sensing monitoring

In order to timely monitor and evaluate the impact of drought on soil moisture, remote sensing technology is widely used. Technologies such as microwave remote sensing, thermal infrared remote sensing and optical remote sensing can provide large-scale, high-resolution soil moisture information, helping scientists and decision makers understand the specific impact of drought on soil moisture and formulate corresponding response strategies.

 

In summary, the impact of drought on soil moisture is multifaceted, not only directly reducing the moisture content in the soil, but also changing the physical structure and moisture distribution of the soil, exacerbating soil erosion. By applying remote sensing monitoring technology, we can better understand and respond to the impact of drought on soil moisture, thereby protecting the ecological environment and ensuring agricultural production.

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