Soil moisture

1. Definition of "Soil Moisture Condition"

Soil Moisture Condition refers to the state of water content in soil, which is the condition of soil humidity. It can be expressed as a percentage of the soil's water content relative to the dry soil weight, or as a percentage of field capacity or relative to saturation capacity.

II. Existence Forms of Soil Moisture Conditions

Soil water exists in soil pores, especially in small and medium-sized pores, while large pores are often occupied by air. Plant roots interlaced with soil pores absorb water from water-filled soil pores. A gradient of humidity exists at the interface between water and air in the soil. As temperature increases, the gradient intensifies, and water turns into water vapor that evaporates and escapes the soil surface. The combined loss of water through transpiration and evaporation is called xenotransplantation, representing the two pathways for soil water to enter the atmosphere.

III. Key Indicators of Soil Moisture Conditions

There are three important indicators for soil water content:

Soil Saturation Water Content indicates the maximum amount of water that the soil can hold, at which point the soil water potential is 0.

Field Capacity is the amount of water that the soil can hold after being saturated and subtracting the gravity water.

Wilting Coefficient refers to the amount of water in the soil that remains when the plant wilts, and this portion of water cannot be absorbed or utilized by the plant. At this point, the soil water potential is -15 bars. The water between the field capacity and the wilting coefficient is called the effective soil water, which is the part that plants can absorb and utilize.

4. Methods for Measuring Soil Moisture Conditions

In the past, it was mostly concentrated in the laboratory, with cumbersome processes such as sampling, drying, and measurement. With the development of technology, advanced equipment such as soil moisture sensors and mathematical models suitable for different regions have been used to establish a decision support system that integrates soil moisture information management, inquiry services, and prediction analysis based on computer network environment.

Common measurement methods include:

Soil Moisture Sensor: Measures soil moisture by detecting the impact of water content on electrical conductivity in the soil. The sensor is usually buried in the soil and connected to data acquisition equipment for real-time monitoring of soil moisture.

Remote Sensing Technology: Using satellites, aircraft, and other remote sensing equipment to obtain spectral information of the soil surface, thereby speculating on soil moisture.

Positioning Measurement: In small-scale soil moisture monitoring, tools such as handheld moisture meters or needle-type soil moisture testers can be used to measure soil humidity.

Soil Sample Analysis: By collecting soil samples and analyzing parameters such as soil moisture content in a laboratory, an estimation of the soil's water situation can be obtained.

5. The significance of soil moisture

In the field of agriculture, understanding soil moisture content is crucial for rational irrigation management. If farmers know the level of moisture in the soil, they can adjust the amount and frequency of irrigation according to the needs of the plants, ensuring that plants receive sufficient water while avoiding wastage of water resources. Inadequate irrigation management can lead to soil drought or over-wetness, which has an adverse effect on crop yields and soil health.

The management of natural ecosystems is crucial as it affects plant growth, the health of habitats, and the survival of flora and fauna. Understanding soil moisture levels can help ecologists and conservationists better understand the health status of ecosystems and formulate more effective protection and restoration plans.

It is crucial for water resource management, helping to determine the rate of groundwater recharge, assist in predicting potential flood risks, and formulate water resource allocation policies. By monitoring soil moisture, water resource managers can better plan water supply and drainage systems to meet the needs of different regions.

It has a certain impact on meteorological forecasting. The moisture of the soil can affect the humidity and temperature distribution in the atmosphere, thereby affecting weather patterns and precipitation distribution. Therefore, in meteorological research, soil moisture data is used to improve the accuracy of meteorological models, thereby improving the accuracy of meteorological forecasting.

Directly affects the growth and yield of crops. During drought seasons, water deficiency in the soil leads to slow or stopped crop growth, severely affecting yields; while during rainy seasons, excessive soil moisture also causes crop pests and diseases as well as root rot. It also impacts soil fertility: during drought seasons, water deficiency in the soil makes it difficult for fertilizers to dissolve and be absorbed, reducing fertilizer efficiency; while during rainy seasons, fertilizers are easily washed away by rainwater, leading to nutrient loss.

6. Monitoring of Soil Moisture Conditions

The Soil Moisture Monitoring Station is an automatic monitoring system that integrates soil temperature and humidity collection, storage, transmission, and management. The entire device consists of a multi-channel data acquisition instrument, soil temperature and humidity sensors, soil salinity, pH value, and soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium meteorological sensors, as well as a software platform. After data collection, uploads it to the cloud platform, enabling the Soil Moisture Monitoring Station to perform multi-parameter environmental monitoring.

The wireless soil moisture monitoring station adopts the GPRS transmission method to achieve remote monitoring of various environmental parameters in large fields. The GPRS communication method is to collect sensor data and then upload the collected data to the network through the built-in SIM card by using GPRS. After that, users can log on to the pageboy from any computer with internet access or install an APP on their mobile phones to check the data wherever they are. The data is stable and can reflect the status of various parameters in the environment in a timely manner. The equipment realizes real-time monitoring of plant growth environment and can also remotely observe the good or bad growth status of plants. It is suitable for long-term measurement and observation of plant growth environment and site conditions in remote unmanned areas. The equipment can be equipped with a camera to upload on-site pictures and data to the cloud platform.

Soil Moisture Monitoring refers to the real-time monitoring and analysis of key parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, and salinity. This helps farmers and agricultural workers better manage land resources and improve agricultural production efficiency. Common methods for soil moisture monitoring include manual sampling analysis, automatic soil moisture monitoring equipment, and aerial remote sensing technology. Each method has its own advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scope. Choosing the appropriate detection method based on specific conditions can better improve land resource utilization efficiency and agricultural production benefits.


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