Cave Formation

Cave, is a place full of mystery. I don't know if it is the natural creation that gives them endless magic, or humans have always liked to explore.In short, caves have always firmly attracted the curious eyes of humans. Today we will explore the magical world of karst caves and see how it is formed.

 

1. How are karst caves formed?


Karst caves are the underground world of karst landforms, formed by the transport of water, dissolution, erosion and gravitational collapse of soluble rocks (mainly carbonate rocks).

 

Initially, the space for water transport is the original pore space, very narrow, the water flow is mainly laminar, and the dissolution is very slow. When the pore space develops into a hole, the water flow is slightly faster, the dissolution is enhanced, and a narrow network of holes is formed.Later, influenced by geological factors, the water flow chooses the best path to expand to form a cave.

 

Caves can be short, single underground spaces or networks of underground passages so large that they can accommodate airplanes and so complex that they extend for hundreds of kilometers. They are some of the strangest and most mysterious places on earth.

Karst Cave

2. Caves can adjust their own internal climate


A cave is a relatively stable, independent, constant temperature, humid, dark and quiet underground world without the influence of direct solar radiation and sky scattering, so how does a cave regulate its own microclimate? It turns out that the climate change of caves is mainly realized by the movement of air and water inside the cave.

 

Generally, the temperature in the cave entrance area is greatly influenced by the external environment, and its daily and annual changes are similar to the local surface temperature; the deeper you enter the cave, the smaller the temperature fluctuation is, until it is not influenced by the outside world and basically stabilizes above and below the local multi-year average temperature.

 

The flow of air can be perceived in most caves, some blowing cool air outside the cave in summer, some spraying hot air outside the cave in winter, and some caves where air is periodically sucked in and blown out, forming breathing caves.

 

 The more caves there are, the more frequent the exchange of air with the outside world, and the greater the magnitude of its climate fluctuations. If the annual temperature difference and daily temperature difference of the cave location are large, it will produce air flow due to the large temperature difference between inside and outside the cave, such as summer or midday air flowing more to the outside of the cave, while winter or night air flowing more to the inside of the cave.

 

Therefore, some scenic spots have chosen to install karst cave monitoring systems to protect the ornamental nature of the caves and to monitor them in real time to reduce damage.

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