The role of urban parks on soil heat flux

Regulating soil temperature

The vegetation coverage in urban parks is high, and plants such as trees and grass can block direct sunlight and reduce the solar radiation energy received by the soil surface. During the day, the canopy of plants is like a big umbrella, blocking a large amount of heat from being directly transferred to the soil, thereby reducing the temperature rise of the soil. For example, in the hot summer, the temperature of the soil covered with park vegetation may be several degrees Celsius lower than the temperature of the bare urban ground soil. At night, vegetation can play a certain role in heat preservation, slowing down the rate of heat loss in the soil, so that the soil temperature will not drop sharply and remain relatively stable. This regulation of soil temperature helps to maintain the activity of microorganisms in the soil and the stability of the soil ecosystem.

 

Influence on soil moisture evaporation

The vegetation in urban parks absorbs moisture from the soil and dissipates it into the air through transpiration. This process not only increases air humidity, but also affects the moisture content and heat flux of the soil. When vegetation is transpiring vigorously, it will take away a lot of heat, thereby reducing the temperature of the soil surface. At the same time, the presence of vegetation can also reduce the wind speed on the soil surface, reduce the evaporation rate of soil moisture, and maintain the moisture of the soil. Changes in soil moisture will directly affect the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the soil, and then affect the soil heat flux. Moist soil has a large heat capacity, can store more heat, and has a relatively high thermal conductivity, and the heat transfer is more uniform; while dry soil has a small heat capacity, warms up quickly, cools down quickly, and the heat flux changes greatly.

 

Improve soil structure

The construction of urban parks usually focuses on soil improvement and maintenance. The structure and texture of the soil can be improved by planting different types of plants and applying organic fertilizers. Good soil structure is conducive to the circulation of air and water in the soil, and improves the air permeability and water retention of the soil. This enables the soil to better regulate temperature and heat transfer and reduce fluctuations in soil heat flux. For example, soil rich in organic matter has a large porosity and can accommodate more air and moisture, which helps to buffer temperature changes and make the soil heat flux more stable.

 

Alleviate the urban heat island effect

The urban heat island effect refers to the phenomenon that the temperature in the central area of the city is significantly higher than that in the surrounding suburbs. As a "green island" in the city, urban parks can absorb and store a large amount of heat and reduce the temperature of the surrounding environment. The soil in the park participates in the heat exchange and regulation process through interaction with vegetation and the atmosphere. The existence of parks can form a local cold source, change the distribution of the city's thermal environment, and reduce the intensity of the urban heat island effect. This improvement in the urban thermal environment will also indirectly affect the soil heat flux, causing a difference between the soil heat flux in urban parks and the soil heat flux in the surrounding urban areas.

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